Perception of Beauty Essay Example for Free

Perception of Beauty Essay The term ‘beauty’ is used in multiple contexts. These can be divided into ‘inner beauty’, describing a goodness of personality, and ‘outer beauty’, concerned with aesthetic appearance. On the surface, disfigurement affects outer beauty, but it has been found that changes in appearance can cause anxiety, depression, grief, and a lowered self-esteem. These strongly affect a person’s disposition. Thus, defects in outer beauty can indirectly alter inner beauty. How do human beings decide who is attractive and who is not? Society is full of messages telling us what is beautiful, but what are those definitions based on? Do we consciously decide whom we are attracted to? The issue of beauty and how we define it has been studied for centuries. Scholars from all fields of study have searched for the formula for beauty. Darwin in his book â€Å"The Descent of Man† wrote, It is certainly not true that there is in the mind of man any universal standard of beauty with respect to the human body. It is however, possible that certain tastes in the course of time become inherited, though I have no evidence in favor of this belief. Beauty is an idea. Everybodys idea of beauty is unique. Beauty is a function of culture also. When ideas about beauty make powerful impacts, they can become beauty ideals. What is ideal beauty? We see it everywhere, from paintings, to magazines to TV. Douglas Yu of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England, agrees. Its true by definition. Beauty is always judged by the receiver, he says. At the same time, he says in an email there is inter-observer concordance, a measure of objectivity, so that individual perceptions of beauty, factoring in other characteristics such as personality and intelligence, can often be aggregated to form a consensus opinion. Judgment of Beauty According to Kant, the judgment of beauty is different from cognitive or moral judgment because it is affected subjectively, that is, exclusively in reference to the person making the judgment. For a judgment to be truly â€Å"aesthetic†, rather than merely idiosyncratic, the person making the judgment must be adamant that their opinion be consensus. â€Å"A person who describes something as beautiful insists that everyone ought to give the object in question his approval and follow suit. Plato, one of the earliest philosophers to concern himself with beauty, defined it as a â€Å"property intrinsic in objects† which could be measured in â€Å"purity, integrity, harmony and perfection. † Media and Perception of Beauty Research shows that media play a dominant role in influencing females’ perceptions of the world around them, as well as helping them to define their sense of self. The media can definitely change our perception of beauty. It can indeed create a distortion in what a person considers to be ideal beauty or not. It is proven that those that are under the influence of media, either the TV or Print media may unsavorily change what is their idea of beauty by wanting to measure up the ideal or standard portrayed by the media. Another major influence on this centurys attitudes towards beauty was the growth of the film industry. For the first half of the century, all the major beauty icons were film actresses. It was a medium that allowed women who would have previously been overlooked to shine. For instance, the 19th century aversion to redheads was still in place as late as the 20s. It was that black-and-white medium that allowed Clara Bow to be the exception. However, stars such as Bette Davis and Katherine Turner who could not be described as â€Å"conventionally beautiful† invariably came from middle or upper class backgrounds. Beauty was an essential attribute for a working class woman to become successful in Hollywood. This period was also the beginning of the ties between the film and fashion industries, which would continue for decades to come. References Journal of Young Investigators Undergraduate, Peer-Reviewed Science Journal http://www. jyi. org/volumes/volume6/issue6/features/feng. html Utah Education Network  http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4527

Intellectual Property and Internet Piracy Essay -- Exploratory Essays

Intellectual Property and Internet Piracy With the emergence of the Internet, intellectual property faces a new dimension of crisis. Intellectual property has become an even more significant issue because of that. According to World Intellectual Property Organization, â€Å"Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.† (WIPO 2003) Works online are easy to be copied/reproduced or altered such as art work, software, and articles. Although piracy has existed for a long time, the Internet has made piracy never been easier with a click of mouse. In the following paragraphs will explore issues regarding piracy and ownership, solution to the crisis of intellectual property, and the paradox of invention of new technology. Intellectual property has become much more difficult to maintain because of the enormous capacity of the Internet which is mainly self-regulated and promotes freedom of speech. Art works whether it is an image, a song, or a movie can be easily uploaded and downloaded on the Internet. For example, MP3 files compress music files into a small file thereby allowing users to upload and download much more rapidly and effortlessly. Music-swapping not only not realizing music artists’ efforts and have caused the music industry loose huge amount of record selling and decrease their profits. Remember the infamous Napster lawsuit where Napster was being sued for its copyright infringement. Furthermore, not only software can be downloaded from the Internet, the registration codes can also be cracked down, therefore, people can use the software as long as they like instead of using the trial version. People ... ...cyberlaw/archives/11_02_decoy.htm>, consulted on November 24, 2003. * The Massachusetts Daily Collegian (2003). â€Å"Today: the solution to music piracy surfaces†. Online at: , consulted on November 24, 2003. * GameSpy Industries (2003). â€Å"Software Piracy Report: Part 1†. Online at: , consulted on November 10, 2003. * CCIPS (2003). â€Å"Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS): Protecting Intellectual Property Rights: Copyrights, Trademarks and Trade Secrets†. Online at: , consulted on November 10, 2003. * CNN.com (2003). â€Å"Napster shutdown seen as potential boon for competitors†. Online at: , consulted on November 20, 2003. Intellectual Property and Internet Piracy Essay -- Exploratory Essays Intellectual Property and Internet Piracy With the emergence of the Internet, intellectual property faces a new dimension of crisis. Intellectual property has become an even more significant issue because of that. According to World Intellectual Property Organization, â€Å"Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.† (WIPO 2003) Works online are easy to be copied/reproduced or altered such as art work, software, and articles. Although piracy has existed for a long time, the Internet has made piracy never been easier with a click of mouse. In the following paragraphs will explore issues regarding piracy and ownership, solution to the crisis of intellectual property, and the paradox of invention of new technology. Intellectual property has become much more difficult to maintain because of the enormous capacity of the Internet which is mainly self-regulated and promotes freedom of speech. Art works whether it is an image, a song, or a movie can be easily uploaded and downloaded on the Internet. For example, MP3 files compress music files into a small file thereby allowing users to upload and download much more rapidly and effortlessly. Music-swapping not only not realizing music artists’ efforts and have caused the music industry loose huge amount of record selling and decrease their profits. Remember the infamous Napster lawsuit where Napster was being sued for its copyright infringement. Furthermore, not only software can be downloaded from the Internet, the registration codes can also be cracked down, therefore, people can use the software as long as they like instead of using the trial version. People ... ...cyberlaw/archives/11_02_decoy.htm>, consulted on November 24, 2003. * The Massachusetts Daily Collegian (2003). â€Å"Today: the solution to music piracy surfaces†. Online at: , consulted on November 24, 2003. * GameSpy Industries (2003). â€Å"Software Piracy Report: Part 1†. Online at: , consulted on November 10, 2003. * CCIPS (2003). â€Å"Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS): Protecting Intellectual Property Rights: Copyrights, Trademarks and Trade Secrets†. Online at: , consulted on November 10, 2003. * CNN.com (2003). â€Å"Napster shutdown seen as potential boon for competitors†. Online at: , consulted on November 20, 2003.

War Is One Of The Biggest Atrocities That Man Must Commit

After looking through the slideshow for this portion of the class I felt a mixture of sadness and hope, disgust and inspiration, confusion and clarity. These images bounce back and forth from a crying child to one who has had access to medical attention, a naked child screaming in terror in the streets to an image of the same woman as an adult, happy and healthy. War is one of the biggest atrocities that man must commit but at the same time people are never as beautiful or as courageous as when they are in the midst of crisis.Take the picture of the Young Beggar’s in Saigon for example. This picture is bittersweet. It is extremely sad but also really beautiful. The infant in the box makes me want to weep but I am comforted by the fact that these two young people are holding hands. They have each other. If nothing else these two have that little human contact that will make their situation bearable. Other examples of this include the shoeshine boys who have congregated together to form a young Saigon gang. Is this an ideal picture, no, but it is real.These children may have to grow up quickly but they have each other and they are living the only childhood they will ever know. But then there are photos of the young victims of war, bombing victims and women trying to smuggle her children out of the war zone. These are not pretty pictures but again they illustrate the beauty of the human spirit. Could I appreciate life if I had never seen with my own eyes the sadness of a life taken too soon? Could anyone ever know real strength and courage if they had never felt the tinges of fear?There were other pictures that were slightly confusing, such as the photo of the US Marine giving the young girl a cigarette. At first I thought, â€Å"Why would he give such a young child a cigarette? † But then I realized it was because that was all this soldier had to give. I am sure that being an American, used to children having the right to grow up healthy and safe, m akes it difficult to see children growing up in the midst of a war zone. It makes one want to â€Å"rescue† each other. And again that is admirable. Look at the girls face in that photo. She is radiant. She is the lightness in an otherwise bleak world.In response, I really don’t know who the â€Å"good† guys are and who the â€Å"bad† guys are in these photos. And truly I don’t know that it matters. I was truck by the strength and beauty that was represented here. Look at the faces in these pictures and you see strength, perseverance, tradition and even love. For example, look at the woman in the photo A Vietnamese Woman, the trials and tribulations of life are etched all over her face. Ultimately these photos represent the good and the bad, the yin and yang of humanity. For some strange reason man does not appreciate life until life is taken away.And unfortunately the world is a better place after we have had to clean up the rubble of war and huma n greed. Somehow in the midst of destruction we find the strength to help each other, pick up where we left off. Yet, when all is well in the world we get greedy and seek to destroy. These images are timeless. Despite our disgust at seeing a young child tortured we, as a race, will continue to commit these crimes. Maybe as a species man has self destructive tendencies. Maybe we can only appreciate the beauty of life when we see the ugliness in death.

Uncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe - 1430 Words

This book s author, Harriet Beecher Stowe, was born in 1811 in Litchfield, Connecticut. She was the daughter of a Calvinist minister. She and her family were all devout Christians; her father was a preacher and her siblings followed. Her Christian attitude reflected her attitude towards slavery. She was for abolishing it, because to her, it was a very non-Christian and cruel institution. Her book focused on the ghastly points of slavery, including the whippings, beatings, and sexual harassment brought upon slaves by their masters. She wrote the book to be a force against slavery, and was joining in with the feelings of many other women of her time, who all became more outspoken and influential in reform movements, including things such as women s suffrage. The main point of Uncle Tom s Cabin was to bring light to slavery to people in the north. In this, she hoped to eventually sway people against slavery. Uncle Tom s Cabin focuses on the lives of two slaves, who both start under the ownership of a Mr. Shelby, who is known to treat his slaves well. However, Mr. Shelby was in the debt of a man named Haley, who is a slave trader. In return for the debt owed to him, Haley wants two slaves: one being the son of a beautiful mulatto woman named Eliza, the other being the devout Christian named Tom, who is nicknamed Father Tom because of his sermons. Eliza is also a Christian, as are the rest of the slaves on Mr. Shelby s farm. Eliza loves her son dearly, and rather thanShow MoreRelatedUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe901 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a story that described the real life plight of an American Slave. Kentucky farmer George Shelby amassed enormous debts and faces the possibility of losing everything he owns. To settle his debts he makes the decision to sell two of his slaves, Uncle Tom and Eliza’s son Harry. Eliza is a young, beautiful quadroon girl who George Shelby’s wife took on as a daughter. Eliza overhears a conversation between George Shelby and his wife concerning the impendingRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe uses the character of Augustine St. Clare to play a very important role in expressing her views of abolition to the reader throughout the novel. St. Clare is, in himself, a huge contradiction of a character, as his way of life is supported by the same system that he despises, slavery. St. Clare professes multiple times in the book that slavery is wrong, yet he holds slaves and refuses to release them, making him a hypocrite whose morals are right, mainlyRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1295 Words   |  6 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin, one of the best classic novels by Harriet Beecher Stowe takes place in Kentucky on Mr. Shelby’s land. I n Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the author communicates to the reader the horrific actions and aftermaths of slavery. She does this by telling the story of slaves who were sold to unpleasant masters, showing slavery rips apart families and loved ones, and by showing how children - both free and slave - are affected by slavery. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin a main point to take away from the bookRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1008 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1800’s,a horrible sin of slavery took America by storm. Africans were brought to the United States as slaves. They were sold like animals, separated from their families, and forced to work for wealthy white men. They underwent torture, famine, and verbal abuse, the sole reason for their mistreatment being their skin color. Movements were made, protests held, but what no one was expecting was a short white lady by the name of Harriet Beecher Stowe to make the change that no one had yet achievedRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1522 Words   |  7 PagesLincoln is quoted as saying, â€Å"So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.† upon meeting Harriet Beecher Stowe for the first time. The book that the former president is referring to is Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a 1850s book about the moral wrongs of slavery. It has been said to be the most influential anti-slavery book that has ever been written. Harriet Beecher Stowe is an effective author. She uses numerous literary devices such as facile characters, character foils, and symbolismRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1357 Words   |  6 PagesUncle Tom’s cabin Uncle Tom s Cabin from the author Harriet Beecher Stowe, was first published in 1852 was a book that tackled the repulsive acts of slavery. In this paper I will discuss my overview and opinion on this book. It is clear if you have a general idea of this book you would know how to this novel ultimately inspired the civil war. As said by our 16th Abraham Lincoln when he met the author â€Å"so you’re the women who brought this Great War† Uncle Tom’s cabin has had a great influence onRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe975 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous likenesses and contrasts between the lives of the slaves from Uncle Tom s Cabin, composed by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and that of the wage slaves from Sinclair s The Jungle. Featured mutually in each books, was slavery. Along with that, both novels allocate the authors’ perspectives on the issue. In Sinclair’s book, he wrote about the lives of the wage slaves, how capitalism aff ected the wage slaves. Meanwhile, Stowe’s consisted more on a religious aspect, going in depth of howRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1019 Words   |  5 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe is â€Å"one of the most famous books in the world† she is considered to be the woman that started the civil war. This book presents Anti-slavery ideas using Religion, Maternity and the idea of Gender Roles to promote the idea of Anti-Slavery. Throughout Uncle Tom’s Cabin there are â€Å"slave problems†,how slavery destroys and crumble families by splitting apart mother and child along with husband and wive.Stowe argues that these slavery brings out the femininityRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1760 Words   |  8 PagesHarriet Beecher Stowe was born in June 14, 1811 in Lichfield, CT and was the sixth of her family’s eleven children. Beecher’s parents taught their children that their primary life goal was to make their mark. All seven sons became ministers, Isabella (the youngest) founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association, and Harriet revealed the horrifying truths and dissolved the social injustice of slavery. During her 85 years Beecher published thirty novels, but her bestselling book Uncle Tom’s CabinRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin was the most popular story in the mid to late 19th century. There are nearly thousands of copies of that novel sold. The author Harriet Beecher Stowe was an amazing author and abolitionist. The purpose of her writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin is to influence other people to abolish slavery. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was based on Religion and the abolition of slavery. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was epic story in the mid 1800’s because it represents the cruelty of slavery and religious beliefs. Stowe kind

A Rough Patch for School Music Programs Essay - 590 Words

It came to my attention that there was clearly a problem when all that the band directors addressed at band concerts, from the local school concert to the district performance, was that the music programs were currently going through a rough patch. Budget cuts, an increased focus on â€Å"test† subjects, and loss in popularity of music activities have caused the quantity and quality of high school musicians to decline. With all of the impressive benefits of being a musician, it is crazy that student instrumentalists are an endangered species. Especially in this time of recovery from the recession, budget cuts have forced music programs to decrease exponentially, or shut down altogether. There are countless cases from all different types of†¦show more content†¦Research findings show that 21% of seniors in the class of 2004 have participated in school music ensembles, a decline of about 10% from 1982. Teenagers today enjoy listening to rap and pop songs rather than compositions by old men Tchaikovsky or Beethoven. Even if high school bands do not play classical music, there is a distinct difference between current music and band music. Also, teenagers today are exceedingly preoccupied with their studies, extracurricular activities, and jobs. Therefore, one usually has to decide which activity to focus on more or completely – sports or music, both activities that are equally time consuming. High school athlete participation has increased for the 24th consecutive year so far. Sadly, music does not prevail; th ere are not nearly as many student participants in high school music programs. The population of high school musicians in the US is shrinking. This is due to both schools putting music programs on the chopping block to save money and focus on core subjects, and students who today seem to have lost more interest in musical activities. Now more than ever, kids are less exposed to music activities in school, thus there is a smaller chance of one becoming involved in the music program. Even so, purchasing new instruments for the student and school is now difficult. Furthermore, the reduction of music educators leads to an overall poorer teaching of musicality. School musicShow MoreRelatedWellness, My Physical And Emotional Well Being1232 Words   |  5 Pagesstrengths and weakness are. Growing up my aunt used to tell me â€Å"life will put you in situations that will target your weaknesses, it’s then when you’ll experience growth†. Till this day I keep my aunt s advice in mind when I’m going through a rough patch. As a college student I often struggle with finances because, I have no financial support from anyone. My finances have the lowest score of all my areas of development because, the only time I’m financially stable is on pay day. With my financesRead More Summary of A Separate Peace by John Knowles Essay4280 Words   |  18 PagesSummary of A Separate Peace by John Knowles As the novel opens, Gene Forrester returns to Devon, the New Hampshire boarding school he attended during World War II. Gene has not seen Devon for 15 years, and so he notices the ways in which the school has changed since he was a student there. Strangely, the school seems newer, but perhaps, he thinks, the buildings are just better taken care of now that the war is over. Gene walks through the campus on a bleak, rainy November afternoon, revisitingRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagespublication is the second of a three-volume series designed to im ­ rove early learning and p develop ­ ent for California’s preschool m children. Young children are naturally eager to learn. However, not all of them enter kindergarten ready for school. All too often, children are already lagging behind their classmates, and this circumstance can impede their continued learning and development long past kindergarten. High-quality preschool teaching contributes to children’s longrange socialRead MoreRetail Store Design and Layout15254 Words   |  62 Pagesconsciously being aware of it. Most modern stores layout revolves around forms like grid layout, racetracks and free forms. Using 3-D software to design the stores. On entering the basic information about the store site onto the computer, the program starts generating the two-dimensional drawings of various segments of the store then assembles them into 3-D shapes. These 3-D images help in better understanding of the spatial ideas, thus giving a more realistic picture of how a store would lookRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesRetirement 33 Unemployment 34 Table 36 Employed Population: 2005-2009 34 Table 37 Employed Population: 2010-2020 34 Table 38 Unemployed Population: 2005-2009 34 Table 39 Unemployed Population: 2010-2020 35 Learning 35 School Life 35 University Life 36 Adult Learning 37 Table 40 School Students: 2005-2009 37 Table 41 Higher Education Students: 2005-2009 38 Eating (including Soft Drinks) 38 Shopping for Food and Drinks 38 Dining in 40 Dining Out 40 Cafà © Culture 40 Table 42 Consumer ExpenditureRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 Pagesit easier for students to transfer credits to public universities—is not at all easy to get. Having accreditation is a huge competitive advantage by itself, because a degree from a nonaccredited school is worth far less to students than one from an accredited school. Moreover, only accredited schools can accept federally subsidized student loans, and because these are a huge source of revenue for most nonelite educational institutions, potential competitors are put at a further disadvantageRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslogical—to reason logically. It demonstrates the usefulness of logical reasoning as a means to making more effective decisions about your own life—decisions about what to believe and decisions about what to do. The chapter begins a systematic program of study of all the major topics regarding logical reasoning. Along the way, the book focuses on developing the following five skills: (1) writing logically, (2) detecting inconsistency and lack of clarity in a group of sentences, (3) spotting issuesRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesCentral High School has $60,000 to spend on computers and other stuï ¬â‚¬, so its budget equation is C + X = 60, 000, where C is expenditure on computers and X is expenditures on other things. C.H.S. currently plans to spend $20,000 on computers. The State Education Commission wants to encourage â€Å"computer literacy† in the high schools under its jurisdiction. The following plans have been proposed. Plan A: This plan would give a grant of $10,000 to each high school in the state that the school could spendRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesIntroduction to Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third EditionRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesworld by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected by new communications technologies, state-sponsored programs to achieve autarky, a global epidemic of ethnic strife, uncontrolled urban growth, and the dissolution of extended family ties in many societies divided nations and communities and isolated individuals to an extent unparalleled in recorded human

Patterns of Social and Ethnic Residential Segregation...

PATTERNS OF SOCIAL AND ETHNIC RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AMONG SOCIAL GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES Residential segregation can be explained as special appearance of social inequality, unequal distribution of social, ethnic, etc. groups. The spatial objective reflection of the complicated system of social relation can interpret the socio-economic structure of the city, and the allocation of different social groups. Appears in space in segregation curve where higher and lower social classes are much different at social hierarchy. The segregation indicates of the social groups at the very bottom of the social hierarchy were significantly lower than those of the top social group, and the segregation curve has the #61640;-shape. Due to the fact†¦show more content†¦The lack of housing choices for minorities have meant that the quality of suburbanization that they have achieved is distinctly different than that achieved by more advantage groups. For ethnical minorities the freedom to choose where they wish to live is simply not a reality. For example, in the USA black suburbanization is characterized by expansion of the urban ghetto population to areas just outside city limits African Americans are the most residentially segregated racial or ethnic group in America Regardless of their socioeconomic status, they are forced to persevere without the same equal housing opportunities as white Americans. Residential ethnical segregation was developed through discriminatory policies and local acts of racism. Federal and local government housing discrimination, private discrimination, and exclusionary zoning practices have resulted in the continuation of intentional discrimination against minorities, many of whom still remain disenfranchised members of society. The devastating effects of residential ethnical discrimination on the quality of life for minority families and for culture at large represent the importance of initiating policies to integrate residential neighborhoods. Without the efforts of integration, the negative effects of decades of bigoted housing policies will be exacerbated, therefore perpetuating the existence of segregation and racial division. TheShow MoreRelatedStructure Of The Paper : The Article Is Presented Using The Journal Style Scientific Paper Format989 Words   |  4 PagesIV. Structure of the Paper: The article is presented using the ‘Journal-Style Scientific Paper’ format. The authors introduce the topic of ‘ethnic segregation in post-Soviet cities’ within the context of Soviet immigration policies. The purpose of the study â€Å"explores how inherited segregation patterns have evolved in the city of Tartu, Estonia† (Leetmaa ,162) in the post-Soviet period marked by Estonian statehood and a free-market economy. The historical material is divided into four sections: 1)Read MoreUrban Segregation And Its Effects On Residential Preferences Shaped By Liberal Market Forces And National Identity890 Words   |  4 PagesThe authors introduce the topic of â€Å"inherited residential segregation patterns† (Leetmaa) among ethnic groups in post-communist Tartu, Estonia within the context of immigration policies implemented during the Soviet communist era. Using two dimensions – â€Å"preferences and segregation –ethnicity and neighbor affluence† (Leetmaa ,163), the study explores the possible causes of residential segregation in post-Soviet Tartu and its effects on residential preferences shaped by liberal market forces andRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Disorganization Theory908 Words   |  4 Pagesaccounts for the unequal pattern of crime by race and ethnicity, in which the violent crime rate in minority neighbourhoods is often higher than in white neighbourhoods. Among the different explanations proposed, there is a predomi nant theory: the theory of social disorganization. As described by Dr. Rengifo (2009), the social disorganization theory, forwarded by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay (1942), suggests that the variation in crime rates is linked to the weakened social integration of neighbourhoodsRead More Residential Segregation and Social Justice Essays1910 Words   |  8 Pagesand ethnic lines. Residential segregation, particularly between African-Americans and whites, persists in metropolitan areas where minorities make up a large share of the population. This paper will examine residential segregation imposed upon African-Americans and the enormous costs it bears. Furthermore, the role of government will be discussed as having an important role in carrying out efforts towards residential desegregation. By developing an understanding of residential segregation andRead MoreImmigration Settlement And Spatial Assimilation1015 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration settlement and spatial assimilation l ead to a diversity of segregation patterns among many groups throughout U.S. history. Dating back to the 1900’s as much as 90% of Blacks lived in southern states. Douglas Massey stated in his Residential Segregation essay that these southern states contained only 25% of whites, most Blacks lived in rural counties that yielded a large portion of segregated and racially isolated minorities. Shifting ahead to today, racially segregated neighborhoods shareRead MoreEffects Of School Segregation On Schools Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesPrior research on the causes and impact of school segregation has focused primarily on three areas: First, research documented the causes of segregation (Dorsey, 2015; Orfield, 2001). This body of research connects school districting, and the affordability of residential housing to the creation of segregated White and segregated Minority public schools districts. Second, research focused on the impact of segregation on student academic performance (Card, D. Rothstein, J., 2005). This researchRead MoreThe Unequal Separation Of African Americans1453 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans as a whole agree that racial segregation has affected their chances of employment, residency, education and access to proper health facilities. Many have stories and experiences of being qualified for a job but being turned down for being African American. Several experiments have been conducted where an African American would attempt to view homes in diverse neighborhoods and be turned down and white co-workers or friends would call immediately after and be invited to come in.Read MoreRacial Profiling : An Issue Longstanding And Troubling Among Minority Groups913 Words   |  4 PagesNixon 1 Jada Nixon Dr. Hunte ENC 101 30 September 2015 Racial Profiling Introduction Since the birth of our nation, racial profiling has been an issue longstanding and troubling among minority groups and still continues to exhibit severe consequences in communities. Racial profiling can be defined, according to the American Civil Liberties Union, as the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials [or security personnel] of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individualRead MoreRacism Towards Negros : The And Worst Parts Of American Society1832 Words   |  8 Pageshad to undergo many trials concerning equality. In 1865 all Negros were finally released from their enslavement, but the racism towards them didn’t disappear overnight. Racial discrimination is evident in many elements that affect health, including social status and employment because racism is one of the main barriers in our society to the attainment of health care. Employers, co-workers, and peers may favor one or more people over African Americans because of their skin color. In To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreEssay about vulnerable population1581 Words   |  7 Pagesvulnerable population Vulnerable populations are groups who are not well integrated into the healthcare system because of ethnic, cultural, economic, and geographic or health characteristics (WHO). This isolation puts members of these groups at risk for not obtaining necessary medical care, and thus constitutes a potential threat to their health. Commonly cited examples of vulnerable populations include racial and ethnic minorities, the rural and urban poor undocumented immigrants, and people

Boosting of Efficiency by Aravind Eye Hospital

Question: Discuss about the Boosting of Efficiency by Aravind Eye Hospital. Answer: Introduction McDonaldization is reconceptualised concept generated by a sociologist, George Ritzer in the year 1993. The concept has been generated based on the attributes that is manifested by the society of a fast food centre. The concept is based on the reconceptualization of scientific management and rationalization (Verhoeven 2015). The concept helps in generating the idea of homogenization of cultures globally that would persist cultural version. The concept of McDonaldization is gaining much attention in various aspects and cultures as it helps in adapting the concept of gloabalization (Ahuvia and Izberk-Bilgin 2014). The aim of his report is to analyse the concept of McDonaldization by adhering it to the case of Aravind Eye Care Centre. This paper would help in assessing the business model that is followed by the organization with respect to the concept. It would have helpful to state the scalability of such models that is followed within the organization, thereby stating the positive and negative impacts associated with it. Some recommendations have been stated in order to mend the negative aspects and would help in overcoming certain persisting issues. Background of the company Aravind eye hospital aims at promoting eye health all over the world. It has been started by Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy along with his sister and brother in law n the year 1976. The eye hospital has started within a rented house with ten n=beds and three supervisors associated with it. Since then the hospital has been quite successful in analysing the growth in services provided, which has increased the number of beds associated t the firm to 1900. The hospital has been successful in providing its desired services to 1.9 million blind people. Along with its healing services to the blind, the hospital has collaborated with international institute for community ophthalmology that helps in providing a training program to the eye workers from the low-income countries around the world. Aravind is known as one of the largest eye hospitals that have been successful in handling 900 corneas per year. The hospital has been successful in generating certain eye camps programs that helps in crea ting eye care awareness in India. At Aravind, the average number of surgeries per doctor is 2000 per year. Aravind looks to multiply its benefits by hiring and training local doctors and surgeons. Even though Aravind pays slightly more than the government hospitals, seven to ten doctors leave each year. The reason is, since Aravind is non-profit organization, it is unable to compete pay wise with private practice institutions. Business model of Aravind The business model under which arriving d operates its sources is quite different from any other business in the health sector. It has a striking similarity to the fast food industry, thereby applying the concept of McDonaldization into its functions. The hospital aims at running under the same principle on which the organization has been initiated, thereby expanding their services throughout the world, yet providing the same services among the large amount of people without compromising with their quality. Aravinds business model has been quite efficient for the firm to generate one of the worlds most famous eye care services globally thereby imparting low-cost procedures that helps in offsetting the cost of delivering such high costs services. Aravind advertises its services quite elaborately that helps in generating an increased in the demand of the patients all over the world, who could get high class service at a low cost of transaction (Haripriya et al. 2016). Implementation of technological up gradation in the organization has been termed as one of the most important achievements of the hospital that has been quite beneficial in generating the improvements that could be witnessed in their services being provided. The doctors, surgeons and nurses of the hospitals are connected to each other with the help of video conferences, instant messaging, online patient questionnaires, and with the use of web cams. The hospital has collaborated itself with the University Of Berkeley Information Technology Centre with the low cost Wi-Fi connection. This has helped the organization in enabling the access to the patients at a remarkable low cost service (Do et al. 2014). Application of McDonaldization in the business By enabling the concept of McDonaldization to be adhered to the working of the Aravind eye hospital, it could be stated that the organization has been successful in implementing certain facts that would be quite logical in enabling a successful business associated to the firm. The business model of the organization has been formatted in such a manner, that it is quite efficient in providing a level of self-sustainability allowing them to use all incorne towards the expansion if the processes being generated by the hospital (Waring and Bishop 2015). It allows the patients free of costs or low costs healing procedures and plans that would help the patients in giving the money to the hospital when they are able to. Aravind's business model originally focused on just eye surgery and care, but after time it expanded into manufacturing in order to create low cost lenses. This change in the model was necessary because importing the lenses from the west was too expensive, and in order to com ply with their vision of providing eye care to the disadvantaged, they needed to come up with a way to lower costs. Another way they have put into their system to help them reach more clients is by using a two-tiered pricing structure. Scalability of the business model The structure generated by Aravind hospital is quite efficient in approaching the obstacles that are found in the cataract surgery industry. The vital attributes of the Aravind model is that the hospital has been sustained in providing quality care and services at low and affordable costs. They are quite effecting in providing the services to both the poor and the rich section of the society, in spite of being self-sustaining in nature. The model followed by the organization could be easily replicated by the other firms of the world, where there s a large population in the need of a social cause. The procedures that are followed by Aravind hospital is quite efficient as they follow high standard protocols of clinical activities and procedures along with administrative movements undertaken. The hospital has been successful in expanding 200 centres all over the world in accordance to their consultancy services being provided and aims at expanding more in the rear future (Zebardast et a l. 2016). The model that is followed by the hospital is quite scalable in the developing nations of the world in association to the fee system followed, quality of care, high aspirations and management techniques. Negative aspects A business model is expected to bear certain flaws in it., in spite of being too appropriate n nature. There would be the persistence of certain negative aspects that acts as friction to the processes of business. The business model that is followed by Aravind eye hospital is based upon the reliance of maintaining a strong client base. It needs a strong client base that would be efficient in undertaking the costs of maintaining the services of the firm (Thiel et al. 2016). The locational features of the firm also act as a factor of success for the model to work. If the quality of workers is diminished in the area attempted, then the Aravind system will not run as efficiently or effectively as intended. Another flaw that has been associated with the firm is that it has a high turnover rate as they are unable to pay their staffs as much as they might expect. Recommendations In order to aim at improving the quality of the services of the hospital and generating capitals and investments to sustain the services, it is quite vital for the firm to collaborate and align themselves with several institutions . These collaboration with certain companies would help them in expanding their services and providing high class service to the patients without facing any complications in future. Conclusion McDonaldization is considered as one of the most beneficial an effective concept of instigating a successful business prices within the framework of the organization. Aravind eye hospital has been quite important in generating extreme high-class services by operating in the field. They have been critical in their decision making thus far, and we feel confident that they will only become stronger as time goes by. Overall, though, it really is an excellent business model, and is doing a great deal of good for the people of india and all over the world. Reference Ahuvia, A. and Izberk-Bilgin, E., 2014. 13 Limits of the McDonaldization thesis.Brands: Interdisciplinary Perspectives,19, p.268. Do, A.T., Ilango, K., Ramasamy, D., Kalidasan, S., Balakrishnan, V. and Chang, R.T., 2014. Effectiveness of low vision services in improving patient quality of life at Aravind Eye Hospital.Indian journal of ophthalmology,62(12), p.1125. Haripriya, A., Chang, D.F., Namburar, S., Smita, A. and Ravindran, R.D., 2016. Efficacy of intracameral moxifloxacin endophthalmitis prophylaxis at Aravind Eye Hospital.Ophthalmology,123(2), pp.302-308. Thiel, C.L., Schehlein, E., Saeedi, O., Schuman, J.S., Robin, A.L., Venkatesh, R., Ravindran, R.D. and Thulasiraj, R.D., 2016. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment and Costs of Phacoemulsification at Aravind Eye Hospital in Pondicherry, India.Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science,57(12), pp.5575-5575. Verhoeven, P., 2015. Corporate communication or McCommunication? Considering a McDonaldization of corporate communication hypothesis.Journal of Promotion Management,21(2), pp.288-298. Waring, J. and Bishop, S., 2015. George Ritzer: Rationalisation, Consumerism and the McDonaldisation of Surgery. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Social Theory in Health, Illness and Medicine(pp. 488-503). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Zebardast, N., Kavitha, S., Palaniswamy, K., Sengupta, S., Kader, M.A., Raman, G., Reddy, S., Ramulu, P.Y. and Venkatesh, R., 2016. Angle Closure Phenotypes in Siblings of Patients at Different Stages of Angle Closure.Ophthalmology,123(7), pp.1622-1624.